ACAAI Board Practice Exam

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• What level do serum total IgE levels usually exceed in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)?
• Which WHO classification is most likely to develop a type II reaction (erythema nodosum leprosum)?
• What TNF antagonist is known to bind both TNFα and TNFβ?
• Which of the following is NOT typically a laboratory finding in HUVS?
• Where are the highest concentrations of IgE-producing plasma cells found?
• What is the common presentation in a patient experiencing attacks related to TRAPS?
• What condition did a 39-year-old man develop after eating mahi mahi, characterized by abdominal cramps and trouble breathing?
• What condition is characterized by a very pruritic rash with tense blisters and demonstrates linear basement membrane zone IgG and C3?
• What category of evidence is derived from at least one randomized controlled trial?
• Which cytokine is primarily associated with pruritus in atopic dermatitis?
• Which of the following is a common characteristic of patients suffering from Hyper-IgD syndrome?
• Which antibiotics can lead to increased serum levels of theophylline?
• How long does the saccharin test typically take for a normal result?
• What test should be conducted for unilateral clear rhinorrhea that worsens when leaning forward?
• What role does cyclophilin play in the function of cyclosporine?
• Which type of systemic mastocytosis is associated with cytopenias and liver injury?
• What is a potential clinical consequence of a blocked nasal valve?
• What type of therapy is typically not effective for the management of bronchiolitis?
• What process leads to the elimination of autoreactive or nonfunctional lymphocytes?
• Which interleukin is produced in excess in cryopyrinopathies?
• What are three main manifestations of Grave's disease?
• What test is commonly used to diagnose Lyme disease?
• At what venom concentration are false-positive results to intradermal testing more likely?
• What is the primary role of the FcRn receptor in the immune system?
• Which surface markers are typically present on NK cells?
• What term describes pollen with a P/E diameter greater than 2?
• What does CCR4 primarily bind to in the context of T-cell migration?
• Which type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis is caused by thermophilic actinomycetes?
• How often should otitis media with effusion be evaluated?
• Which CD marker differentiates naïve T cells from activated or memory T cells?
• IgG and IgM activate which complement pathway?
• What is the definition of recurrent pneumonia in adults?
• What finding on physical examination is common in acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
• What is the first-line treatment for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis?
• What symptom is commonly found in patients with COPD?
• What antibody is most associated with renal disease in SLE?
• Which type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has the highest risk for uveitis?
• After consuming which type of fish did the man develop symptoms indicating scombroid fish poisoning?
• What condition is characterized by early onset hypogammaglobulinemia, autoimmunity, and immune dysregulation?
• Which of the following is a common side effect of long-term theophylline use?
• Which Toll-like receptor (TLR) binds to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found on gram-negative bacteria?
• Which CD marker is found on NKT cells but absent on NK cells?
• What is a common feature of diseases detectable by FISH?
• What other grass is cross-reactive to timothy grass?
• Which spirometry pattern is typically observed in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD)?
• Which autoinflammatory syndrome has attacks that can last upward of weeks?
• What two molecules are known to inhibit MAC formation?
• What are the two broad categories of chemical agents that can cause worker's lung?
• Which cooking method is least likely to be acceptable for patients with food-pollen allergy?
• What are the features of airway remodeling?
• Which component is common to both IL-4 and IL-13 receptors?
• Which cytokine is a crucial growth factor for B cells and T cells and is produced by stromal cells in bone marrow and thymus?
• Most memory T cells express which marker?
• Which test can distinguish among X-linked, autosomal, and X-linked carrier forms of CGD?
• Pigeon breeders can develop hypersensitivity pneumonitis. What is the mechanism of this disease?
• What treatment options are available for early syphilis in penicillin-allergic patients?
• What is the predominant inflammatory cell in COPD, contrasting with asthma?
• How many grams of ointment are typically needed to cover an adult body?
• What effect do IL-4 and IL-13 have on cathelicidin expression in the skin?
• What condition is the use of omalizumab primarily indicated for?
• Drug fever is classified as which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
• What pathogen is frequently linked to gastric MALT lymphoma?
• What anatomical variant is commonly referred to in collation with paranasal sinus issues?
• With NK cell deficiency, which organism is commonly associated with recurrent infections?
• What regulates nasal airway resistance?
• In which condition is there a lack of dynein arms and loss of ciliary spokes?
• What condition is indicated in a 45-year-old woman with ocular pruritus, redness, and a feeling of dry, leathery eyes?
• What is the major criterion for systemic mastocytosis?
• What is the name for multiple clumps of sloughed surface epithelial cells observed in asthmatics?
• What is the primary function of macrophages in relation to nitric oxide?
• Which diseases are commonly associated with congenital thymic aplasia or hypoplasia?
• What is the correlation between serum-specific IgE to fungal elements and species of fungus in allergic mucin for patients with AFRS?
• Where does negative selection of T cells primarily occur?
• What diluent reduces allergen adsorption to vial surfaces?
• What is contained in eosinophil primary granules?
• Which finding on physical examination is specific to bronchiolitis?
• What is the definition of sensitivity in a diagnostic test?
• Regarding acute laryngotracheitis, which pathogen is most likely responsible?
• Hybridomas are created by combining which types of cells?
• What is the last sinus to develop in children?
• What symptom would most likely indicate sensitivity to Juniperus ashei pollen?
• How is mucociliary clearance evaluated clinically?
• During TRALI, which chemotactic factor is primarily responsible for pulmonary leukosequestration?
• What does beneficence in research aim to achieve?
• Which condition is NOT commonly associated with nasal polyps?
• What antibody is associated with drug-induced lupus?
• In cases of acquired angioedema, which complement component is noted to be decreased?
• A woman with progressive hearing loss and recurrent episodes of fever and urticaria may be diagnosed with:
• What is the most common infectious cause of asthma exacerbations?
• What cell surface marker does rhinovirus bind to?
• Which of the following pairs correctly identifies diseases associated with nasal polyps?
• Sensitization to which aeroallergen is associated with the development of persistent asthma in children under 6?
• Plasmapheresis is indicated as treatment for the immunologic neuropathy associated with which antibody?
• What role do CD18 and CD15s play in leukocyte function?
• Which cytokines are known to induce the development of Th17 cells?
• What is the febrile illness caused by toxin-producing fungi after exposure to contaminated dust?
• What is a characteristic finding of ITP in hematological evaluations?
• What phases of the allergic response are blocked by intranasal corticosteroids?
• Which biting insect poses the most concern for allergic reactions in a child who experiences hives, shortness of breath, and wheezing after being bitten?
• Contact dermatitis is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
• What might be a typical finding in a COPD patient with chronic sputum production?
• What monoclonal therapy agents can cause reactivation of tuberculosis?
• What type of cryoglobulinemia is associated with hepatitis C?
• Why are many COPD patients less responsive to corticosteroids compared to asthma patients?
• Which of the following is most likely to exacerbate asthma symptoms?
• What type of error occurs when the null hypothesis is falsely rejected?
• Which conditions can potentially cause a false positive AHR?
• What characterizes type III hypersensitivity reactions?
• Which cell surface marker does adenovirus primarily bind to?
• What type of T cell recognizes lipid antigens?
• What is identified as the most common cause of infectious fungal sinusitis?
• What is the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction?
• Which cell surface marker is deficient in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?
• Which type of infections is associated with the absence of a spleen?
• Which outcome is associated with C1q deficiency?
• What is the source of Fel d 1?
• What happens to the CD45RA marker in patients with SCID?
• What does TREC stand for in immunology?
• What type of immune complexes are formed at the zone of equivalence?
• In which condition is anti-duodenal antibodies typically found?
• What is the incidence of anaphylaxis associated with omalizumab?
• Which HLA types are critical for histocompatibility matching in transplants?
• What clinical presentations help differentiate acute bacterial from viral rhinosinusitis?
• What is a potential indicator of severe allergic reaction post insect sting that requires blood testing?
• What is the name of the junction between the nasal vestibule and the main nasal cavity?
• What is the minimum percentage change in FEV1 after bronchodilator administration that is diagnostic for asthma?
• Which infectious disease is most closely associated with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia?
• Which treatment option is often utilized for aggressive systemic mastocytosis?
• Which workers are at risk of occupational asthma due to exposure to plicatic acid?
• Which viral infection is associated with cryoglobulinemia?
• How do PAMPs primarily differ from DAMPs?
• What prostaglandin product is decreased by COX inhibitors in patients with AERD?
• What are the primary mechanisms of allergic rhinitis?
• What is the most common cause of rhinitis during pregnancy?
• What is the probable effective dose in biologic allergy units (BAU) for cat immunotherapy?
• Which complement factors are evaluated by CH50?
• Dysregulation of which eotaxin is linked to eosinophilic esophagitis?
• Which antibiotics are options for prophylaxis in IRAK4/MyD88 deficiency?
• What is the defining characteristic of the Ascomycota phylum of fungi?
• Which molecules belong to the Ig superfamily?
• What differentiates memory T cells from naïve T cells?
• What is the appropriate time frame for seeking treatment if a child shows recurrent pneumonia symptoms?
• How is recurrent pneumonia in children defined?
• When interpreting food-specific serum IgE levels, which food allergies are significantly influenced by age?
• What type of cell is typically associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma?
• What mediators can be elevated in a 24-hour urine collection after mast cell activation?
• Which of the following superantigens is associated with food poisoning?
• What type of immunoglobulin can activate the alternative complement pathway?
• Which test for CGD diagnosis is mostly a qualitative measurement of NADPH oxidase activity?
• What is the main source of Factor D?
• Which condition should be evaluated in patients with worsening asthma symptoms and increased IgE and eosinophils?
• What immune deficiency is indicated by ice cube negative cold urticaria?
• What are the flow cytometry findings characteristic of ADA deficiency?
• Which plant is known to contain starch inclusion granules?
• By what age does transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy usually resolve?
• What technology is utilized for whole exome sequencing?
• What interleukin is primarily responsible for the inflammation in many autoinflammatory diseases?
• What genetic mutation is linked to idiopathic anaphylaxis in mast cells?
• What type of study samples subjects at one point in time for presence or absence of exposure and disease?
• Is it safe for a mother to give her 5-month-old child, with a history of egg allergy, peanut butter after a negative skin test?
• In the immune response, which cells are primarily involved in asthma pathophysiology?
• Which mutation is associated with HIV resistance and slower disease progression?
• What is the primary function of PCR in molecular biology?
• Which selectin is not found on endothelium?
• Which CD markers are alpha/beta double-negative T cells (DNTs) lacking?
• Which mast cell mediator is both preformed and produced in the late phase?
• Which chemical is associated with occupational asthma in hairdressers?
• What is a primary function of LRBA?
• What immunoglobulin-like lectin is uniquely found on human eosinophils?
• Which cytokines do tuberculosis-infected macrophages secrete to stimulate T-helper 1 cell differentiation?
• Which of the following is NOT a classical infectious cause of granuloma formation?
• Which cytokine is important in the formation of granulomas?
• Which hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complex deposition?
• What key feature may be present in a patient with recurrent sinusitis and allergic responses?
• What is the mechanism of action of theophylline relating to its effects on smooth muscle?
• What is the first-line treatment for recurrent exacerbations of ABPA?
• For which of the following foods is a 95% positive predictive value for serum IgE established?
• What does IFNγ receptor deficiency result in?
• What triad is classic in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?
• What antibody is used to differentiate type I cryoglobulinemia from types II and III?
• Immunosuppressant cyclosporine interacts with which molecule in T-cell signaling?
• What evidence supports the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
• Which cell surface marker is NOT present on NK cells?
• What is a common trigger for solar urticaria?
• In which case would a referral for otolaryngological evaluation be warranted?
• Which connective tissue disorders are associated with secondary Sjogren's syndrome?
• What is the typical course of treatment with systemic glucocorticoids for ABPA flares?
• Antibodies against GAD are found in which neurologic condition?
• Which vaccine is known to potentially contain up to 5% yeast protein?
• Which TLRs are present in the intracellular compartment and implicated in HSV1 encephalitis?
• Which techniques are used to detect RNA sequences?
• What indicates a poor prognosis in patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis?
• What is a leading factor contributing to females' high sensitization to nickel?
• What is a defining characteristic of type IV hypersensitivity?
• Which medication approved for treating acute attacks of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) carries a significant black box warning for anaphylaxis?
• What is the minimum tryptase level considered significant in cases of anaphylaxis?
• What symptoms are typically associated with anti-synthetase syndrome in dermatomyositis or polymyositis?
• Which medication is NOT commonly associated with drug-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD)?
• Which monoclonal antibodies are used to target IL-1?
• Where does loading of antigens onto MHC class II occur?
• Which grasses are most likely to cross-react with timothy pollen?
• What surface markers on high endothelial venules are responsible for homing to the lymph nodes?
• Which of the following cell markers is characteristic for memory T cells?
• What is the major mouse allergen and its source?
• What is one possible complication of untreated membranous nephropathy?
• Which defect is associated with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type 2?
• What is the classic finding on CT scan of the chest in patients with ABPA?
• Which condition is characterized by increased ESR and low complement levels?
• Hypogammaglobulinemia and thymoma are most closely associated with which condition in adults?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD)?
• What transcription factor is needed to transcribe IFN-γ regulated genes?
• What is the usual causative agent of hot tub lung?
• What is the recommended management for a patient with acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
• What is the main function of CD55 or decay accelerating factor (DAF)?
• Which TLR can signal through both MyD88 dependent and independent pathways?
• Which pollen is primarily associated with pollen-food syndrome?
• Where is the molecular defect in Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD) I?
• Which cell surface molecules are absent in X-linked agammaglobulinemia?
• What is the typical onset time for acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis after exposure?
• What abnormality is frequently observed in the airway remodeling process?
• A 10-year-old boy presenting with significant ocular pruritus and injected sclera likely has which condition?
• What type of fruits are known to cross-react with Toxicodendron?
• Cold-reactive AIHA occurs when IgM binds to which polysaccharide antigen on RBCs?
• Why may nasal congestion or rhinorrhea occur in hypothyroidism?
• What physical exam finding helps distinguish bronchiolitis from viral-induced wheezing?
• Which types of allergens are most likely to be found in undisturbed air in homes?
• What is the goal of the Rinkel method in allergy testing?
• What condition is characterized by flaccid bullae affecting the scalp and oral mucosa?
• Cyclosporine (CsA) binds to which type of proteins?
• Which type of nasal discharge is commonly associated with anticholinergic medication use?
• Which syndrome is characterized by ciliary dyskinesia and situs inversus?
• Which leukotrienes are measured by ELISA?
• What does the blue allergen vial indicate (vol/vol)?
• Which laboratory findings are typically associated with hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (HUVS)?
• When is it appropriate to obtain a baseline hearing test following the onset of otitis media with effusion?
• What is the likely FEV1/FVC ratio in a patient classified as GOLD stage 3 COPD?
• Which part of the back exhibits greater skin reactivity for skin testing?
• Which primary immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by recurrent infections without abscess formation?
• What is an advantage of using the Rotorod method for airborne particle collection?
• What defines a dioecious plant?
• Giant granules in all granulated cells are characteristic of which primary immunodeficiency disorder?
• Which chemokine has a strong association with the development of eosinophilic esophagitis?
• In which anatomical area is filaggrin expressed?
• Mutations in which gene are associated with ichthyosis vulgaris?
• On the MHC class I molecule, where is the binding site for CD8?
• For which mutation is lumacaftor-ivacaftor FDA approved?
• Among the following, which disease is associated with recurrent granuloma formation?
• What is the typical finding on biopsy of lupus nephritis?
• What is the main reactive nitrogen intermediate produced by macrophages?
• What condition can a person with eczema develop following a smallpox vaccination?
• What are the indications for penicillin desensitization in patients requiring treatment for syphilis?
• What percentage of children experience wheezing episodes in the first three years of life due to viral respiratory infections?
• What is the significance of “full house” in lupus nephritis biopsies?
• What is the key blood test to perform after severe hypotension from a hymenoptera sting?
• Which complement receptor is specifically implicated in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
• Which of the following describes a nonstandardized extract?
• Which primary immunodeficiencies are linked to granuloma formation?
• A 4-year-old boy presents with an itchy rash and chronic diarrhea. What conditions does he likely have?
• Which infections are commonly associated with type II and type III cryoglobulinemia?
• What sweat chloride result is diagnostic of cystic fibrosis (CF) in children?
• What is a primary feature of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS)?
• Subepithelial deposits are found in which type of immune-mediated kidney disease?
• Which pathogenic organisms share the same vector and can cause coinfection in Lyme disease patients?
• What allergen is most likely responsible for a 21-year-old man's seasonal symptoms in January in San Antonio, Texas?
• What are displaced sphenoethmoid air cells called?
• According to Thommen's postulates, what are the five requirements for an aeroallergen?
• How do pulmonary nodules in granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) differ from those in sarcoidosis?
• What is the CD marker for CD40L found on T cells?
• How is prevalence defined?
• Which types of antigens are T-cell independent?
• What is the most significant risk factor associated with the development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
• What is the CD marker for FcγRII?
• On what criteria does the WHO classify leprosy?
• What is the major cytokine that drives the development of basophils?
• Which antigen, recognized by B cells, is considered T-cell independent?
• Which integrin is vital for gut homing by binding to MAdCAM?
• ASCA antibodies are more likely to be positive in which type of inflammatory bowel disease?
• What primary immunodeficiencies are associated with high IgE levels?
• What type of mast cells are typically found in the skin and have the CD88 receptor?
• At which developmental stage does signaling through the pre-B-cell receptor occur?
• What are considered the most significant indoor molds?
• Which condition is characterized by recurrent respiratory infections and associated with cartilage anomalies?
• What would flow cytometry show in a patient with classic X-linked SCID?
• How does allergic fungal sinusitis (AFRS) cause bone destruction?
• What risk factor is commonly overlooked in children at risk for developing asthma?
• Which types of studies are subject to recall bias?
• What antibody deficiency is seen in patients with transfusion-related anaphylaxis?
• Which of the following antihistamines has the longest half-life?
• GATA2 deficiency increases the risk of which complications?
• Which method can be used to amplify DNA in vitro?
• Which conditions can be detected using a TREC assay?
• Which class of medications can cause drug interactions leading to increased levels of theophylline?
• Which antibodies are commonly associated with drug-induced lupus?
• What role do encapsulated bacteria play in relation to spleen function?
• Complement activation is involved with which types of immunity?
• In which chromosomal region are the TAP proteins located?
• Which cytokine is primarily associated with T-cell activation?
• Which cell surface marker is defective in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) leading to apoptosis?
• What are the two primary coreceptors utilized by HIV?
• What is usually the most abundant outdoor mold?
• What is a diagnostic biopsy characteristic for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)?
• What characterizes Felty syndrome?
• What type of antigens do MHC class II molecules primarily present?
• What immunodeficiency disorder is linked with defective CD40L?
• Which cytokines are crucial for the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs)?
• What enzyme is inhibited by theophylline?
• What type of agents are most commonly responsible for occupational asthma in developed nations?
• What role does skin-prick testing to aeroallergens play in recurrent sinusitis patients with pansinusitis?
• Anti-C1q antibodies are associated with which of the following diseases?
• What is the most common activating point mutation in c-kit associated with systemic mastocytosis?
• What is a common symptom of an allergic reaction caused by insect bites?
• When should anti-D immunoglobulin be administered to pregnant women?
• What is the molecular defect found in WHIM syndrome?
• Which tree is known to be entomophilous?
• What treatment is commonly used for significant ocular symptoms in allergic conjunctivitis?
• What term refers to pollen that is very flattened with a P/E diameter less than 0.5?
• The absence of TRECs in newborns is indicative of which condition?
• When would you expect anti-IgM and anti-IgG to appear after B. burgdorferi infection?
• What form of SCID is known to have the worst prognosis following stem cell transplant?
• After how many episodes of acute otitis media should a referral to ENT for tympanostomy be considered?
• Which group is particularly at risk for developing asthma from exposure to various chemicals involved in their work?
• What type of pollen is produced by plants in the Ascomycota phylum?
• EBV and HHV-6 bind primarily to which cell surface marker?
• What immunological abnormality is most commonly associated with IPEX syndrome?
• What complement factors will inhibit the formation of immune complexes?
• What cell type is primarily identified by side scatter in flow cytometry?
• What severe signs and symptoms of acute otitis media in patients aged 2 years or older would necessitate immediate antibiotic therapy?
• Which secreted molecules play a vital role in granuloma formation?
• What defect is associated with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type 1?
• Which additional allele is evaluated for adult donors compared to umbilical cord blood?
• What is the first step in evaluating ABPA in asthma patients?
• In flow cytometry, what does forward scatter measure?
• How would a COPD patient with an FEV1/FVC ratio of 65% and an FEV1 of 45% be classified?
• Which type of solar urticaria is associated with erythropoietic protoporphyria?
• Which type of sensitization is primarily involved in allergic dermatitis?
• What does monoecious mean in the context of plants?
• What is a common characteristic of myositis in anti-synthetase syndrome?
• What is the MHC class restriction for CD4 T cells?
• Which mutation is responsible for X-linked agammaglobulinemia?
• What parametric test is used to compare means between two groups?
• What biomarker is increased in eosinophilic asthma and can be readily measured?
• How is the definitive diagnosis of babesiosis made?
• What type of reaction does pollen-food syndrome usually involve?
• What are Charcot-Leyden crystals associated with in the body?
• What does the CD88 receptor bind to?
• What is the treatment of choice for mild to moderate allergic conjunctivitis?
• Bradykinin acts on which receptor on endothelial cells?
• Which pollen size is considered to be the largest among those listed?
• Which lab value is monitored to assess the interval progression of AFRS post-FESS?
• Which IL-5 targeted monoclonal antibodies have shown efficacy in treating asthma with eosinophilia?
• What is the characteristic pathology of dermatitis herpetiformis?
• Which complement pathway does the CH50 test assess?
• What percentage of patients with asthma have NSAID sensitivity?
• Which inhaled corticosteroid is preferred for use during pregnancy?
• What is a common symptom of hypereosinophilia?
• What allergen is predominantly found in henna tattoos?
• Which complement deficiency will have a normal AH50 and low CH50?
• Which condition is often misdiagnosed and can mimic asthma symptoms?
• What test is required to elicit cold urticaria in patients with PLAID and FCAS?
• What type of emphysema is associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?
• How are serum sickness and arthus reaction similar?
• What is recognized as the most prevalent type of interstitial lung disease of unknown origin?
• Which finding is commonly associated with asthma?
• Which type of parainfluenza virus most frequently causes acute laryngotracheitis?
• Which subset of T cells is significantly decreased or absent in IPEX?
• Which CD marker indicates the presence of activated B cells?
• Which allergy is associated with the fab segment of cetuximab and the Lone Star tick?
• What role do immunophilins play in the action of immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine?
• Which complement receptor is identified as CD11c/CD18?
• What adapter protein do TLR receptors activate in response to tuberculosis?
• Which mold spores are higher during periods of rain?
• What integrin ligands are found on the surface of activated endothelium?
• Medium-dose inhaled corticosteroids are primarily used for what condition?
• Contact activation pathway in blood coagulation begins with which factor?
• What are creola bodies primarily made of?
• What cell surface marker is present on activated, degranulating basophils?
• Which surface markers are absent in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1?
• What lymphocyte surface marker is found on memory B cells but not on memory T cells?
• What CD molecules are part of the BCR coreceptor?
• Which TLR does not signal through MyD88?
• Which mitogens are demonstrated to stimulate B cells?
• Which marker is characteristic of memory B cells?
• What is the hallmark feature of atopic dermatitis?
• How is histocompatibility testing conducted for a bone marrow transplant with an unrelated donor?
• What is the common link between asthma and atopic dermatitis?
• What is the cornerstone of prevention and treatment for hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
• Which laboratory finding is commonly associated with Grave's disease?
• Which chains make up the peptide binding cleft in MHC class II molecules?
• When are higher doses of amoxicillin-clavulanate indicated for treating acute bacterial rhinosinusitis?
• What type of ANCA antibody is commonly found in granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
• Which extracts most consistently demonstrate proteolytic activity?
• What symptoms are typically associated with acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
• Which CD molecule is commonly used to distinguish monocytes and macrophages from other immune cells?
• Which description best fits atopic keratoconjunctivitis?
• What is ciliary flushing and where is it typically observed?
• What are Curschmann's spirals associated with?
• Which medications are known to decrease glucocorticoid metabolism?
• What enzyme is crucial for junctional diversity in immune receptors?
• Which pulmonary granulomatous syndrome is berylliosis histologically indistinguishable from?
• What is the pathophysiologic mechanism of pale, boggy nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis?
• To what RBC cell surface receptor does the opsonin C3b on immune complexes bind for transport to the liver?
• Total serum IgE levels are useful for diagnosing which condition?
• What is a confounding variable?
• Which cooking methods are recommended for treating food-pollen allergies?
• What is typically found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
• Which chemokines produced by keratinocytes are responsible for homing T cells to the skin?
• What TLR receptors are important in the innate immune response to tuberculosis?
• What does the term triporate refer to in relation to pollen?
• Which immunoglobulins do not activate classical complement?
• What is considered the narrowest point of the airway?
• What value of total serum IgE is necessary to diagnose AFRS?
• What is the typical management approach for bronchiolitis?
• Which condition is characterized by stiffness and muscle spasms, often associated with neurological symptoms?
• Where does loading of antigens onto MHC class I molecules occur?
• What gene defect is linked to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?
• Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome are at increased risk for which condition?
• Which treatment is considered first-line for managing allergic rhinitis?
• Minocycline use is associated with which type of nephritis?
• Which process introduces the greatest diversity in immune receptors?
• Candidiasis in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome-1 is due to antibodies against which target?
• What is considered the most common primary immunodeficiency disorder?
• In patients with PLAID, which specific antibody deficiency is noted?
• What constitutes ventilator-associated pneumonia?
• What potential cause of renal insufficiency can occur when treating patients with IVIG?
• In which platelet disorder are platelets abnormally large?
• Which autoantibody is associated with CREST syndrome?
• Which of the following molds is associated with near-fatal asthma?
• What is the name of the anterior ethmoid air cells found above the middle turbinate?
• What does relative risk (risk ratio) measure?
• The suffix ximab refers to which type of monoclonal antibody?
• Which gene translocation is commonly seen in Burkitt's lymphoma?
• What role do T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) play in immunology?
• Which HLA allele has been linked to an increased risk of hypersensitivity to abacavir?
• What is the best test to rule out possible multiple myeloma in a patient with amyloidosis?
• Which vaccine is contraindicated in individuals with severe atopic dermatitis?
• What are the three main symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
• What is a disadvantage of the Rotorod method in particle collection?
• Which segment of the gastrointestinal tract is typically devoid of eosinophils under normal conditions?
• What method is used for measuring tryptase?
• What is the main purpose of using hybridomas in research?
• When should chronic hepatitis B be treated in children?
• What major allergens are involved in Betula (birch) pollen?
• In cases of acute otitis media accompanied by conjunctivitis, which pathogen is most commonly involved?
• What is the inheritance pattern of properidin deficiency?
• Which type of study design is best for establishing causation?
• Which antihistamines are used with caution in patients with renal failure?
• Which antibodies are linked to neonatal lupus?
• What is the primary function of IL-1 in inflammatory processes?
• Which laboratory finding is commonly observed in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
• What are Haller cells?
• Which cytokines are primarily responsible for promoting eosinophilia?
• Which symptom does NOT typically indicate the need for antibiotics in acute otitis media cases?
• What type of immune response is primarily affected in X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome?
• LTB4 can lead to chemotaxis of which cell types?
• In flow cytometry, what does side scatter help measure?
• If a patient presents with typical COPD symptoms but has normal spirometry, how is their disease staged?
• Which immunoglobulin has the shortest half-life due to poor binding to FcRn?
• How do receptors of the innate immune system recognize microorganisms?
• What is detected by Southern blotting?
• Which aeroallergen is supported by evidence to play a role in atopic dermatitis (AD)?
• Which of the following has an earlier onset of action?
• What is the 125I-C1q binding assay useful for measuring?
• Which of the following is a hallmark sign of allergic fungal sinusitis?
• What laboratory finding is commonly associated with renal amyloidosis?
• Which complement deficiency is known to be inherited as X-linked?
• What is the hapten-carrier effect in immunology?
• How long after exposure to a medication might a patient develop symptoms of serum sickness?
• Which diagnostic test is primarily used to evaluate NADPH oxidase activity?
• What symptom is most indicative of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in a patient?
• Which enzyme is responsible for the addition of nucleotides during junctional diversity?
• What is the function of the H4 receptor?
• What is a common complication of IVIG therapy?
• If a person has numerous (>6) poorly demarcated lesions, what does this indicate about their immune response to Mycobacterium leprae?
• What receptor is involved with the inflammasome?
• SNP variants in which cytokine are overexpressed in biopsy tissue of eosinophilic esophagitis?
• What are the primary immunoglobulins involved with type II hypersensitivity?
• Which disease is caused by a mutation in SAP?
• How does the hepatitis A virus injure hepatocytes?
• What is the primary cellular component in Charcot-Leyden crystals?
• What is the lymphocyte phenotype associated with SCID caused by an Artemis defect?
• Which immunizations are recommended for COPD patients?
• What cytokines do you expect to increase after immunotherapy?
• Which mutations are known to contribute to Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS)?
• What are the two most common forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
• What dust mite is unique to Florida and Puerto Rico?
• Which cells are primarily involved in an acute graft-versus-host reaction?
• Which defect in adhesion and chemotaxis is responsible for developmental delay, microcephaly, and short stature?
• What is the function of the enzyme TdT in the immune system?
• Which chemokine receptor is associated with WHIM syndrome?
• Which mitogens are known to stimulate T cells?
• What does an odds ratio measure in case-control studies?
• What are the classical infectious agents known for causing granuloma formation?
• Which type of medication is best for treating clear, watery nasal secretions?
• Which sinuses are present at birth?
• Which carbohydrate epitope helps dermal T lymphocytes home to the skin?
• Which monoclonal antibody is known for decreasing high-affinity IgE receptors on basophils?
• What is the biggest risk factor for a 3-year-old child to develop persistent asthma by age 6?
• What type of lymphoma has a high incidence in patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP)?
• Which occupational asthma agent is associated with smoking?
• Which type of T cells express CD4?
• In which patient population is Babesia infection typically more severe?
• What is the most important chemoattractant that directs neutrophils to sites of inflammation?
• Does type III hypersensitivity occur with antigen or antibody excess?
• In what condition do you observe elevated levels of double negative αβ T cells?
• ABPA typically occurs in the setting of which two lung diseases?
• Which of the following has the smallest pollen size?
• What method is recognized as the gold standard for diagnosing food allergies?
• Which subset of dendritic cells is known for producing type I interferon during viral infections?
• What complex of proteins within the innate immune system mediates autoinflammatory syndromes?
• Which complement deficiency will 90% of patients develop SLE?
• An autosomal dominant mutation in CXCR4 is associated with which congenital immunodeficiency?
• What is the most common genetic cause of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS)?
• What type of diseases can FISH technology help to identify?
• What are common triggers for attacks in patients with hyper-IgD syndrome (HIDS)?
• What is the treatment of choice for poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
• Which two factors increase the risk of asthma mortality?
• What outcome might suggest a worsening condition in a patient with asthma?
• Which complication is associated with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis?
• What type of immune cells are primarily responsible for IgE production?
• What is the most common mutation in c-kit associated with systemic mastocytosis?